Climate mitigation through soil amendments: quantification, evidence, and uncertainty

Soil amendments are a broad class of materials that enhance physical, chemical or biological characteristics in croplands, pastures, rangelands. While organic soil such as manure, mulch and seaweed have well established agronomic benefits, there has been renewed private governmental interest quantifying incentivizing their role mitigating climate change. Likewise, biostimulants biopesticides, which intended to target specific plant microbial processes, emerging with claims improved health, crop yields, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emission reductions. We conducted literature review address the mitigation potential amendments, including biopesticides. In doing so, we identify three elements through use amendments: reductions, life cycle common amendment classes detail, addressing empirical evidence (or lack thereof) they meet these mitigation. conclude by suggesting priorities for government investment.